Internet of things architecture and ecosystem

The technological scope of the Internet of Things includes countless and unrelated developments.
Determining the boundaries to clearly distinguish which technologies fall within this range is rather difficult and requires skill.

Every IoT-based solution has a process that is simply shown in Figure 1:

“The process of a solution based on the Internet of Things”

1 The building blocks of the Internet of Things

2 Layered architecture of Internet of Things

3 Roles in the Internet of Things ecosystem

The Internet of Things is not a single technology, but a collection of different and mostly new technologies that, when joined together, create a chain called the Internet of Things technology.

Forming and supporting technologies of the Internet of Things

• Technologies that play a role in the architecture of the Internet of Things
• Technologies used in identification
• Technologies used in communication
• Technologies used in networks
• Network discovery technologies

• Algorithm and software technologies used in the Internet of Things
• Hardware technologies
• Applied technologies in signal and data processing
• Technologies used in exploration and search
• Technologies used in network management
• Technologies used in power and energy storage
• Technologies used in the fields of security, trust, dependency and privacy.

In general, the technologies that have helped shape the Internet of Things fall into three categories:

1. Technologies that affect tools:
• Sensors with low power consumption
• Intelligentization of sensors
• Miniaturization of chips
• Identification technologies such as identification with radio waves
• Data collection technologies such as identification with radio waves and sensor nodes

1. Technologies that cover network issues:
• Addressing technologies
• Communication technologies
• Technologies to increase network throughput and reduce delay
• Cloud processing
• Defined software networks
• Wireless sensor networks

1. Technologies that affect management services:
• Intelligent decision-making technologies such as content-aware processing services, behavioral analysis, complex event processing
• Fast data processing technologies such as streaming or in-memory analytics